Energy sources in Indonesia that are eligible to be developed to meet energy needs in Indonesia.Indonesia is one of the countries with renewable energy potential that is very abundant. Unfortunately these renewable energy sources have not been fully utilized.
Renewable energy is a rapidly restored natural energy source, and the process is sustainable. Renewable energy is produced from energy resources that will naturally not be depleted and even sustainable if managed properly. Renewable energy is often referred to as sustainable energy (sustainable energy).
The concept of renewable energy began to be known in the world in the era of the 1970s. Its emergence as an antithesis to the development and use of energy made from fossil (coal, petroleum, and natural gas) and nuclear. In addition to recoverable, renewable energy is believed to be cleaner (environmentally friendly), safe, and affordable to the public. The use of renewable energy is more environmentally friendly because it is able to reduce environmental pollution and environmental damage compared to non-renewable energy.
Type of renewable energy resources (renewable energy) owned by Indonesia quite a lot. If managed and utilized properly it is believed to replace fossil energy. here is a list of 8 renewable energy sources in Indonesia that can be utilized.
1. Biofuel
Biofuels or biofuels are renewable energy sources of fuel (both solid, liquid and gas) produced from organic materials. Sources of biofuels are plants that have high sugar content (such as sorghum and sugar cane) and plants that have high vegetable oil content (such as distance, algae, and oil palm).
2. Biomass
Biomass is a type of renewable energy that refers to biological materials derived from living or recently dead organisms. Biomass sources include wood fuel, waste and alcohol. Biomass power plants in Indonesia such as PLTBM Pulubala in Gorontalo utilizing corn cobs.
3. Geothermal
Geothermal or geothermal energy is a source of renewable energy in the form of thermal energy (heat) generated and stored in the earth. Geothermal energy is believed to be quite economical, abundant, sustainable, and environmentally friendly. However, its utilization is still constrained on exploitation technology that can only reach around tectonic plates. Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP) owned by Indonesia include: PLTP Sibayak in North Sumatra, PLTP Salak (West Java), PLTP Dieng (Central Java), and PLTP Lahendong (North Sulawesi).
4. Water
Water energy is one of the most common fossil fuel alternatives. This energy source is obtained by utilizing the potential energy and kinetic energy possessed by water. This time, about 20% of world electricity consumption is met from Hydro Power Plant (Hydropower). In Indonesia alone there are dozens of hydropower plants, such as: PLTA Singkarak (West Sumatra), PLTA Gajah Mungkur (Central Java), PLTA Karangkates (East Java), Riam Kanan (South Kalimantan), and Larona (South Sulawesi).
5. Wind
Wind or bayu energy is a source of renewable energy generated by wind. Windmills are used to capture wind energy and convert it into kinetic or electric energy. The use of wind energy into electricity in Indonesia has been done as in Samas Power Plant (PLTBayu) Samas in Bantul, Yogyakarta.
6. The sun
Solar or solar energy is a renewable energy sourced from the radiation of light and heat emitted by the sun. Solar Power Plants in Indonesia include: PLTS Karangasem (Bali), PLTS Raijua, PLTS Nule, and PLTS Solor Barat (NTT)
7. Sea Waves
Wave or wave energy is a renewable energy that comes from the ups and downs of sea water waves. Indonesia as a maritime country lies between two high-potential oceans utilizing energy sources from ocean waves. Unfortunately this alternative energy source is still in development stage in Indonesia.
8. Tidal
Tidal energy is a renewable energy sourced from tidal sea water. There are two types of tidal energy sources, the first is the high difference in low seawater during high tide and low tide. The second is the tidal currents, especially on the small straits. Like sea wave energy, Indonesia has a high potential in tidal energy utilization. Unfortunately, this source of energy has not been utilized.
Renewable energy sources have not been optimally utilized in Indonesia. As many as 90% of energy in Indonesia still uses fossil energy (coal, petroleum, and natural gas) and the rest, less than 10%, utilize renewable energy sources. An irony considering Indonesia has a high potential for renewable energy sources.
Of the various renewable energy sources available, new water energy is widely utilized. The amount of power generated from geothermal, wind and solar energy can still be counted on the fingers, with a very small energy capacity. Moreover, the source of energy derived from the sea, although the potential is very large, in fact none of which has been successfully developed.
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